ABSTRACT
Objective: Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the gene expression of nasal epithelial cells in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) and perennial AR, so as to obtain the differences in the gene expression of nasal epithelial cells between seasonal AR and perennial AR. Methods: The human nasal epithelial cell line(HNEpC) was cultured in vitro, treated with 100 μg/ml mugwort or house dust mite (HDM) extracts for 24 hours. Total cell RNA was extracted, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). From November 2019 to November 2020, 3 seasonal AR patients, 3 perennial AR patients, and 3 healthy controls who attended the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed. The patients' primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro, treated with corresponding allergens for 24 hours. Total RNA was extracted for transcriptome sequencing, and the sequencing results were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: The qPCR results showed that the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-33 and TSLP of HNEpC treated with mugworts extracts and HDM extracts had the same trend of change. After the nasal epithelial cells from patients with seasonal AR and perennial AR were treated with corresponding allergens, there were differences in biological processes and signal pathways between those and control. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEG) in AR patients allergic to mugwort were mainly enriched in the oxidation-reduction process, the negative regulation of apoptosis process, and the cell adhesion; the DEG in AR patients allergic to HDM were mainly enriched in cell adhesion, the negative regulation of cell proliferation and the response to drug. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway showed that the DEG of AR patients allergic to mugwort were significantly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, p53 signaling pathway and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, while the DEG of AR patients allergic to HDM were mainly enriched in cells cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway and DNA replication. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that the inflammatory response, TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathway were significantly up-regulated in AR patients allergic to mugwort, indicating the promotion of inflammatory response; and AR patients allergic to HDM had significant down-regulation of G2M, E2F, and MYC, indicating the inhibition of cell proliferation. The protein-protein interaction network showed that TNF and CDK1 were the most interacting proteins in mugwort and HDM allergic AR patients, respectively. Conclusion: Seasonal AR and perennial AR may affect the different biological processes and signal pathways of nasal epithelial cells, leading to differences in the occurrence and development of AR.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Allergens , Computational Biology , Cytokines/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Gene Expression , Interleukin-33/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Interleukin-8 , Nasal Mucosa/metabolism , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Pyroglyphidae , RNA/metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic/metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , SeasonsABSTRACT
Ginseng is a plant in the family Araliaceae and the genus Panax with the formal name of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the treasure of traditional herbal medicine resources as the "king of herbs". Ginseng has been traditionally used for over 2,000 years in Asian countries, especially in China and Republic of Korea. During the ginseng industry chain, the cultivation in farmland and seed breeding are important for sustainable development of ginseng resources. Active components in ginseng including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, phenolic compound and their therapeutic benefits for multiple diseases are being studied. This paper aimed to review current research status and problem-solving strategies for each step of ginseng industry, including ginseng growing cultivation and seed resources, basic and clinical studies as well as comparison of ginseng industry between China and Republic of Korea, hoping to provide a reference for research direction and future development of ginseng industry.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang on angiogenesis of osteoarthritis with Yang deficiency and cold coagulation.Method: Totally 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, celecoxib group (20.82 mg·kg-1) and low, medium, high-dose Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang groups (3.24, 6.48, 12.96 g·kg-1). All groups, except for control group, were involved in duplicating the osteoarthritis(OA) model through frozen and knee fixation, as well as 42-day cold environmental stimulation. After modeling, all drug-group rats were respectively administrated with corresponding drugs for 28 days, once a day. Meanwhile, control group and model group were given equivalent distilled water by gavage. 24 hours after the last gavage, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in serum were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method, VEGF expressions in cartilage and synovial with immunohistochemical method, and interleukin-17(IL-17) and VEGF levels in synovial with Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR).Result: Compared with normal group, the expression of VEGF in serum, cartilage and synovial were significantly increased (P2 and TGF-β1 expressions, IL-17 level were increased significantly (P2, TGF-β1 and IL-17 level were decreased significantly (PPPConclusion: Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang has an effect in suppressing angiogenesis of knee and alleviate cartilage lesion by regulating VEGF and its upstream cytokines PGE2 and TGF-β1.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the safety of cold snare in colon polyps of anticoagulant patients. Finding a safe and convenient way to remove small polyps in the colon in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Methods In our hospital outpatient and inpatient colonoscopy findings of colonic polyps (3 ～ 8 mm diameter) of the 60 patients received anticongulation treatment as the research object, randomly divided into cold trap group and high frequency electrocoagulation group, 30 cases in each, using cold trap technology, high frequency electrocoagulation technology excision of polyps respectively. Comparison of the two groups of patients with polyp location, size, quantity, resection time, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rate, the rate of complete resection of colonic polyps, sample recovery rate, pathological examination results and pathological specimens in submucosal arteriole injury. Results The average age of the two groups was (46.76 ± 8.52) years, gender, colonoscopy indication, bowel preparation score and ileal intubation success rate differences has no significant difference (P > 0.05), comparable; cold trap group polyps operation time (3.26 ± 0.84) min, the high frequency electrocoagulation group (5.17 ± 1.25) min, the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05); cold trap group polyp complete resection rate was 100.00％ (57/57), high frequency electrocoagulation group was 88.68％ (47/53), the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05); the average number of the two groups of patients with polyps, polyp diameter, the location, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and polyps from two weeks of recovery rate showed no significant difference (P > 0.05); the two groups of patients with pathological type and specific differences had no statistically significance (P > 0.05); cold trap group specimens of stick : there was no damage in the arteriole of the submucosa, and 7 cases in the high-frequency electrocoagulation group were impaired, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion For the resection of anticoagulation for patients with high frequency, electric coagulation and cold trap compared to traditional small polyps excised colon has more secure, convenient and accurate pathological and other advantages, but limited to the single center, low sample size conditions, cold trap technology by therapeutic effect and advantages of anticoagulant therapy in patients still need to be further studied.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop an HPLC-DAD wavelength switching combined with gradient elution method for the determination of the contents of calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, solasonine, solamargine, chonglou saponin I, chonglou saponin II, chonglou saponin VI, chonglou saponin VII, specnuezhenide, rosmarinic acid, rhein, chrysophanol, and emod in Boerning Capsules (BC) simultaneously. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Atlantis T3 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-methanol (A)-0.1% formic acid solution (B) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for gradient elution; variable wavelength method; sample quantity was 20 μL. Results: The 12 active components were well separated and showed good linearity, such as calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, solasonine, solamargine, polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI, polyphyllin VII, specnuezhenide, rosmarinic acid, rhein, chrysophanol, and emod 1.97—19.70 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 1.022—10.220 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), 0.982—9.820 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 1.102—11.020 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), 1.114—11.140 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 1.154—11.540 μg/mL (r = 0.999 8), 1.114—11.140 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 2.768—27.680 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), 3.04—30.40 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), 3.379—33.790 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 3.286—32.860 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), and 3.507—35.070 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7). The precision and repeatability were good, and RSD values were less than 2.0%. The average recoveries and the corresponding RSD values were 100.08% (1.27%), 98.11% (1.15%), 99.68% (1.13%), 101.38% (0.87%), 101.87% (0.95%), 100.53% (0.74%), 98.52% (0.83%), 99.52% (0.88%), 97.84% (1.33%), 98.31% (0.71%), 99.66% (0.57%), and 101.73% (1.41%), respectively. The contents of 12 batches of the tevelve active components were 0.085—0.118, 0.065—0.085, 0.051—0.075, 1.822—1.888, 1.532—1.599, 1.027—1.148, 2.420—2.621, 6.428—6.937, 0.258—0.289, 0.122—0.143, 0.159—0.184, and 0.222—0.273 mg/g. Conclusion: An HPLC wavelength switching combined with gradient elution method has been successfully established for simultaneous determination of 12 components in BC. The method is simple, quick, accurate, and helpful for the quality control of BC.
ABSTRACT
Group A rotavirus (RV) is the most important etiologic agent of severe gastroenteritis among children and the development of an effective vaccine becomes the top public health priority. Since survey of RV serotypes circulating in local community is important for introduction or development of RV vaccine, RV serotype G3 had proved as the predominant strain in Changchun from 2001 to 2005. Stool specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea were tested for group A rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RV isolates were typed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using serotype-specific primers. The complete VP7 gene segments of 31 rotavirus strains selected in Changchun from 1999 to 2005 were amplified with RT-PCR. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Comparative analysis of the VP7 sequences showed that there were no obvious differences among 31 RV strains. There was similar genetic variation among VP7 genes during the same RV season. The nucleotide sequence of VP7 gene of six G3 RV strains had one base deletion at nt1038 in 2003 RV season. The nucleotide mutations in regions A, B and C of VP7 gene took place at the same position or position near-by. Increase of nucleotide mutation in non- high variation region may benefit maintenance of serotype G3 as pre dominant strain after 2002. Increase of non continuous variation in non-high variation regions was notable.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral , Genetics , Capsid Proteins , Genetics , Genetic Variation , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rotavirus , Classification , Genetics , SerotypingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To learn the epidemiologic characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in three hospitals under sentinel surveillance from August 2001 to July 2004 and to provide background information for developing and implementing rotavirus vaccine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from hospital-based rotavirus surveillance among children < 5 years old hospitalized with acute diarrhea was used. Patients' clinic information and feces specimens were collected. Specimens were tested and typed for rotavirus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 3121 specimens were tested and the detection rate of rotavirus was 51%. Among all the children with rotavirus diarrhea, 94% were < 2 years old. G3 (69.9%) was the most prevalent serotype followed by G1 (6.6%) and G2 (2.9%). P[8] was the most common genotype of rotavirus. The most common G-P combination identified in this study was P[8] G3 (64.0%). Seveal other combinations of minor frequency were also identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus infection was most commonly seen among children < 5 years old hospitalized with acute diarrhea in the three hospitals. It is important to develop and implement rotavirus vaccine to prevent and control severe rotavirus infection. Because of the diversity of rotavirus strains, it is necessary to perform rotavirus strain surveillance to understand the dynamic nature of viral transmission.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , China , Epidemiology , Diarrhea , Epidemiology , Virology , Feces , Virology , Hospitals , Rotavirus Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Sentinel SurveillanceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish baseline patterns of rotavirus diarrhea and to describe its epidemiologic features in Changchun city, prior to rotavirus vaccine immunization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hospital-based surveillance was conducted among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Changchun Children's Hospital. Fecal samples were determined to identify rotavirus by PAGE and/or ELISA. G serotypes of rotavirus were identified by ELISA and/or nested RT-PCR. P genotyping were carried out by RT-PCR. All data were computerized and analysed by "Generic Manual on Rotavirus Surveillance" set by CDC in the USA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 2 343 diarrhea cases were screened and 1 211 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected in 31.0% among outpatients and 52.9% in inpatients. During the peak of the season (November through March), 58.6% of diarrhea was caused by rotavirus among inpatients. 95.0% of rotavirus diarrhea cases occurred among children aged < 2 years. The predominant strain was serotype G1 (82.4%), followed by G2 (5.0%), G3 (3.3%), G4 (0.9%). P genotyping showed that P[8] and P[4] were the most common ones. Nine different P-G combinations were identified, four strains (P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3, and P[8]G4) commonly seen worldwide accounted for 75.6% of the total. Taken together with uncommon strains, including the novel types P[4]G4 and P[8]G2, it highlights the extraordinary diversity of rotaviruses circulating in China.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus is the major cause of severe child diarrhea in Changchun. Developing a rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe disease and reduction of treatment costs seemed to be necessary.</p>